IEEE (IRE) sections began to develop in the Asia-Pacific region prior to the formation of a Region 10 district. New Zealand started in 1968, Pakistan in 1968, India (Bombay) in 1969 and Tokyo in 1955 (as part of the IRE). The formation of Region 10 was approved by the IEEE Board of Directors at the 24 August 1966 meeting. The new Bylaw first appeared in the 3 November 1966 edition of the Bylaws noting that it would be effective 1 January 1967. The result was that, quoting from Martin Bastiaans' A short history of IRE Region 9 / IEEE Region 8 "on 1 January 1967 South America became Region 9, with Region 10 covering other parts of the world, still including a great part of Africa; finally on 1 January 1981 the remainder of Africa became part of Region 8."
The inaugural steering director for Region 10 was Dr.Shigeo Shima of Japan who was offered this task for 1967-68 by the IEEE Assembly. Then began establishment of IEEE Sections and the gradual development of a community of interest in the Asia-Pacific region. The original definition of Region 10 was 'all remaining areas not included in the Regions 1 through 9'.
In 1971, Mr. Tatsuji Nomura of NHK Japan, the then director, took the initiative of forming a regional committee. The existing IEEE Sections in the region namely India, New Zealand, Pakistan and Tokyo were represented on that committee and the first meeting took place at the Peninsular Hotel, Hong Kong in early July 1971. That first meeting was exploratory. Section chairmen exchanged ideas and experiences and sought solutions to problems of Section administration and Section operation.
Since then the regional committee has met annually, somewhere in the region, on occasions with IEEE Headquarters officers present to assist and advise. Over these years committee evolved up to the present as the deliberating region.
The Region 10 Student Paper Contest, introduced in 1974, was the first major exercise undertaken on a region-wide basis The drafting and approval of the rules of the contest was the outcome of considerable study and discussion by the regional committee. This was a natural development of the student activities function of the committee. Also innovated in the years leading up to 1974 were important section technical conferences in India, Japan and New Zealand.
By 1976 section formation in the countries of the region was virtually complete. Moreover, in India where just one country section had been formed initially, new independent sections were being established in the important cities.
An important parallel development was the formation of multiple technical chapters of technical groups in Tokyo Section, where formation of new chapters has continued up to the present. Several chapters were also formed elsewhere in the region, in India and New Zealand. The formation of multiple IEEE Sections in India was followed by establishment of the all India IEEE Council, the first in Region 10 with Mr. Faqir Kohli, a past regional director, as founding chairman. The regional committee gave much study to educational activities and the arranging of lecture tours by distinguished IEEE speakers. Several such tours took place in the region.
In the period 1977-78, Region 10 office bearers were apprehensive about the growing size of the regional committee and the mounting cost of staging the annual meeting. The increase in committee membership resulted in part from formation of additional sections in countries where one section existed already. As a reaction to this situation, a special formula was hammered out covering reimbursement of costs to attendees from the regional treasury.
The regional committee from inception in 1971 through until the end of 1980 was in search of its identity and mission in the region and functioned by and large as a discussion group of elected section representatives without set parliamentary procedures and without an elected region 10 delegate. Preoccupation with side issues tended to inhibit the development of important objectives in the region.
In 1979, on the initiative of the serving director Dr.S.Y. King, the regional committee accepted the long overdue and task of drafting and approving a set of Region 10 Bylaws covering the election of Region 10 officers, voting procedures within the committee and the essentials of committee operation and management.
In 1979, the territory of the region was amended to exclude Africa which with the mutual agreement of other concerned was added to the territory of Region 8, namely Europe.
Under the newly introduced and approved Region 10 Bylaws, Region 10 directors were elected by the membership of Region 10, beginning with the election held in 1980 for the 1981 year. Prior to 1980, the Region 10 director had been elected by the IEEE Assembly. The first Region 10 Delegate and Director to be elected, Dr. V. Prasad Kodali of New Delhi, who was a petition candidate, took office in 1981.
In 1981-82, the regional committee, with a new sense of purpose, gave considerable attention to forward planning and to improving the organization and administration of Region 10 to give effect to these plans. New programmes were instituted.
The Region 10 bylaws were amended in respect of election of vice chairman by the region. Procedural guidelines were introduced.
A significant first in 1981-82 for the region was the inception of TENCON, an international technical conference initiated and hosted by Hong Kong Section and co-sponsored by Region 10.
In 1981, the IEEE membership in Region 10 passed the 10,000 mark, a growth rate of better than 10 per cent having been sustained for many years. The prediction for 1984, the Centennial year was 15,000 members.
It is interesting to note that in 1971 the number of regional committee members was just 5 whereas a decade later in 1981-82 this number was 27. Also there were 8 special guests at the regional committee meeting held in 1982 in New Delhi, so the attendance possible had risen to 35. Special guests at that meeting included the IEEE President, General Manager, Vice President for Regional Activities, Vice President for Technical Activities, and Presidents of the Computer, AES, CHMT and MTT Technical Societies.
Plans were laid in 1981-82 for marking the IEEE Centennial in 1984. These plans included preparations for "Blue Book History" publication of the Region 10 and for the Region to participate in commemorative activities. These plans were carried forward in 1983 and included preparations for the Region 10 Centennial Banquet which was held in Singapore during TENCON II.
IEEE Region 10 membership exceeded 100,000 for the first time in 2012.
The Korea Council was originally disbanded in 2000 due to issues with bylaws, cooperation and misunderstandings. the R10 committee agreed to re-form the Council in 2009, with agreement from all Korean Sections.
1969 - Douglas G. Lampard, chair
1970 - Douglas G. Lampard, chair
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Electron Tube Division, Toyooka Factory 314-5, Shimokanzo, Iwata City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. began developing 20-inch diameter photomultiplier tubes at Toyooka Factory in 1979 for a 3000-ton water-filled Cherenkov particle detector, Kamiokande-II, in response to a request by Professor Masatoshi Koshiba. 1071 PMTs on it collected photons induced in the water by the particles falling on it. Kamiokande-II detected a neutrino burst in the Supernova SN1987A in 1987, earning Professor Koshiba a Nobel Prize in 2002.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"20-inch Diameter Photomultiplier Tubes, 1979 - 1987","link":"","lat":34.814411,"lon":137.837264,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Birth_and_Growth_of_Primary_and_Secondary_Battery_Industries_in_Japan,_1893#_cab5b690c192a2d4d6f8d8db4792673e\" title=\"Milestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\"\u003EMilestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYai Dry Battery Limited Partnership Company received a patent for Yai's battery invention in 1893, giving birth to the Japanese dry battery industry, and contributing to its growth. Following this success, GS Yuasa Corporation and Panasonic Corporation pioneered a huge market of both primary and secondary batteries installed in industrial equipment and in home appliances. It advanced Japanese battery industries and consumer electronics.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893","link":"","lat":34.981091,"lon":135.728056,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Birth_and_Growth_of_Primary_and_Secondary_Battery_Industries_in_Japan,_1893#GS_Yuasa_International_Ltd.,_Kyoto_Head_Office,_Global_Technical_Head_Quarters\" title=\"Milestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\"\u003EMilestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGS Yuasa International Ltd., Kyoto Head Office, Global Technical Head Quarters\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYai Dry Battery Limited Partnership Company received a patent for Yai's battery invention in 1893, giving birth to the Japanese dry battery industry, and contributing to its growth. Following this success, GS Yuasa Corporation and Panasonic Corporation pioneered a huge market of both primary and secondary batteries installed in industrial equipment and in home appliances. It advanced Japanese battery industries and consumer electronics.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893","link":"","lat":34.977733,"lon":135.723327,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Birth_and_Growth_of_Primary_and_Secondary_Battery_Industries_in_Japan,_1893#GS_Yuasa_International_Ltd.,_Tokyo_Head_Office\" title=\"Milestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\"\u003EMilestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGS Yuasa International Ltd., Tokyo Head Office\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYai Dry Battery Limited Partnership Company received a patent for Yai's battery invention in 1893, giving birth to the Japanese dry battery industry, and contributing to its growth. Following this success, GS Yuasa Corporation and Panasonic Corporation pioneered a huge market of both primary and secondary batteries installed in industrial equipment and in home appliances. It advanced Japanese battery industries and consumer electronics.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893","link":"","lat":35.657403,"lon":139.752515,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Birth_and_Growth_of_Primary_and_Secondary_Battery_Industries_in_Japan,_1893#Panasonic_Corporation,_Automotive_and_Industrial_Systems_Company_Head_Office\" title=\"Milestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\"\u003EMilestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPanasonic Corporation, Automotive and Industrial Systems Company Head Office\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYai Dry Battery Limited Partnership Company received a patent for Yai's battery invention in 1893, giving birth to the Japanese dry battery industry, and contributing to its growth. Following this success, GS Yuasa Corporation and Panasonic Corporation pioneered a huge market of both primary and secondary batteries installed in industrial equipment and in home appliances. It advanced Japanese battery industries and consumer electronics.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893","link":"","lat":34.73922,"lon":135.572667,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Birth_and_Growth_of_Primary_and_Secondary_Battery_Industries_in_Japan,_1893#Panasonic_Corporation,_Energy_Device_Business_Division_Head_Office\" title=\"Milestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\"\u003EMilestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPanasonic Corporation, Energy Device Business Division Head Office\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYai Dry Battery Limited Partnership Company received a patent for Yai's battery invention in 1893, giving birth to the Japanese dry battery industry, and contributing to its growth. Following this success, GS Yuasa Corporation and Panasonic Corporation pioneered a huge market of both primary and secondary batteries installed in industrial equipment and in home appliances. It advanced Japanese battery industries and consumer electronics.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893","link":"","lat":34.727641,"lon":135.566782,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Birth_and_Growth_of_Primary_and_Secondary_Battery_Industries_in_Japan,_1893#Panasonic_Corporation,_Portable_Rechargeable_Battery_Business_Group_Head_Office\" title=\"Milestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\"\u003EMilestones:Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPanasonic Corporation, Portable Rechargeable Battery Business Group Head Office\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYai Dry Battery Limited Partnership Company received a patent for Yai's battery invention in 1893, giving birth to the Japanese dry battery industry, and contributing to its growth. Following this success, GS Yuasa Corporation and Panasonic Corporation pioneered a huge market of both primary and secondary batteries installed in industrial equipment and in home appliances. It advanced Japanese battery industries and consumer electronics.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Birth and Growth of Primary and Secondary Battery Industries in Japan, 1893","link":"","lat":34.343814,"lon":134.860671,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Calcutta_Electric_Supply_Corp,_1899#_5eb722f640a7108cd2355834f885f504\" title=\"Milestones:Calcutta Electric Supply Corp, 1899\"\u003EMilestones:Calcutta Electric Supply Corp, 1899\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation (CESC) established the first commercial electric supply company in South Asia. CESC switched on the 1000 kW thermal power generation plant at Emambagh Lane, Prinsep Street in Calcutta (now Kolkata) on 17 April 1899. This delivered 450/225V DC power for street lighting, residential and office buildings, and the Calcutta Tramways. The event heralded the era of electricity in the Indian Subcontinent.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Calcutta Electric Supply Corp, 1899","link":"","lat":22.561614749461,"lon":88.366741488338,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Commercialization_and_Industrialization_of_Photovoltaic_Cells,_1959#_b11fefc5e3ae4855f9ed4e85f4446349\" title=\"Milestones:Commercialization and Industrialization of Photovoltaic Cells, 1959\"\u003EMilestones:Commercialization and Industrialization of Photovoltaic Cells, 1959\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESHARP Corporation, Katsuragi-shi, Nara, Japan. Sharp Corporation pioneered the development and commercialization of photovoltaic (PV) cells for applications ranging from satellites to lighthouses to residential uses. From the beginning of research into monocrystal PV-cells in 1959, to the mass production of amorphous PV-cells in 1983, this work contributed greatly toward the industrialization of photovoltaic technologies and toward the mitigation of global warming.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Commercialization and Industrialization of Photovoltaic Cells, 1959","link":"","lat":34.47574,"lon":135.741507,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Commercialization_of_Multilayer_Ceramic_Capacitors_with_Nickel_Electrodes,_1982#_bb36be53cc9c84956b059381c8432eb0\" title=\"Milestones:Commercialization of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with Nickel Electrodes, 1982\"\u003EMilestones:Commercialization of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with Nickel Electrodes, 1982\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMurata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. commercialized Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with Nickel Electrodes (Ni-MLCC) in 1982, of which it became a major manufacturer. Further innovations in capacitance enhancement, product miniaturization, and cost reduction made these ceramic capacitors widely used in computer and communication devices for industrial, medical, and consumer applications. Ubiquitous global applications of Ni- MLCC resulted in annual production of more than one trillion units in 2021.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Commercialization of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with Nickel Electrodes, 1982","link":"","lat":34.9239,"lon":135.701899,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Commercialization_of_the_Fish_Finder,_1949#_cbf1a0cca174b5eed5bbda05c8d37777\" title=\"Milestones:Commercialization of the Fish Finder, 1949\"\u003EMilestones:Commercialization of the Fish Finder, 1949\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1949, Furuno Electric Company, Ltd. successfully commercialized the world\u2019s first \ufb01sh \ufb01nder. Unlike echo sounders that detect strong echo signals from the seabed, the fish finder used an improved reception amplifier to detect weak echo signals reflected from fish schools, and ultrasonic transducers that protruded from the fishing boat\u2019s bottom to minimize the influence of sailing noise. Fish finders dramatically reformed the fishery industry in Japan, and subsequently worldwide.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Commercialization of the Fish Finder, 1949","link":"","lat":34.741282,"lon":135.354547,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Commonwealth_Solar_-_Mount_Stromlo_Observatory,_1924_(Special_Citation)#_d3fccdedd370fddd747bde360e903d8f\" title=\"Milestones:Commonwealth Solar - Mount Stromlo Observatory, 1924 (Special Citation)\"\u003EMilestones:Commonwealth Solar - Mount Stromlo Observatory, 1924 (Special Citation)\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince 1924, the Commonwealth Solar Observatory has preserved the history of solar observation, optical munitions manufacturing, optical stellar research, and world-class development of astrophysics instrumentation in Australia. The Observatory has also become a major partner in developing the Australian space industry, including the design and supply of components for the world\u2019s largest optical telescopes, while simultaneously furthering public education.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Commonwealth Solar - Mount Stromlo Observatory, 1924 (Special Citation)","link":"","lat":-35.32087,"lon":149.0007,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Deep_Space_Station_43,_1972-1987#_4dd0e9dc79c39f7146deac6e5b71e82c\" title=\"Milestones:Deep Space Station 43, 1972-1987\"\u003EMilestones:Deep Space Station 43, 1972-1987\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFirst operational in 1972 and later upgraded in 1987, Deep Space Station 43 (DSS-43) is a steerable parabolic antenna that supported the Apollo 17 lunar mission, Viking Mars landers, Pioneer and Mariner planetary probes, and Voyager's encounters with Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Planning for many robotic and human missions to explore the Solar System and beyond has included DSS-43 for critical communications and tracking in NASA\u2019s Deep Space Network.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Deep Space Station 43, 1972-1987","link":"","lat":-35.4026029,"lon":148.9806286,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Development_of_Electronic_Television,_1924-1941#_c0c1bb798a16361fbd5e2f2a8ab37b21\" title=\"Milestones:Development of Electronic Television, 1924-1941\"\u003EMilestones:Development of Electronic Television, 1924-1941\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHamamatsu, Japan. Professor Kenjiro Takayanagi started his research program in television at Hamamatsu Technical College (now Shizuoka University) in 1924. He transmitted an image of the Japanese character \u30a4(i) on a cathode-ray tube on 25 December 1926 and broadcast video over an electronic television system in 1935. His work, patents, articles, and teaching helped lay the foundation for the rise of Japanese television and related industries to global leadership.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Development of Electronic Television, 1924-1941","link":"","lat":34.725319,"lon":137.717485,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Development_of_Ferrite_Materials_and_Their_Applications,_1930-1945#_04a4dd9214e0309714e56bf994db320e\" title=\"Milestones:Development of Ferrite Materials and Their Applications, 1930-1945\"\u003EMilestones:Development of Ferrite Materials and Their Applications, 1930-1945\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan. In 1930, at Tokyo Institute of Technology, Drs. Yogoro Kato and Takeshi Takei invented ferrite, a magnetic ceramic compound containing oxides of iron and of other metals with properties useful in electronics. TDK Corporation began mass production of ferrite cores in 1937 for use in radio equipment. The electric and electronics industries use ferrites in numerous applications today.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Development of Ferrite Materials and Their Applications, 1930-1945","link":"","lat":35.606685,"lon":139.684789,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Development_of_VHS,_a_World_Standard_for_Home_Video_Recording,_1976#_ed7a251ba16535f8a04f6809b444debe\" title=\"Milestones:Development of VHS, a World Standard for Home Video Recording, 1976\"\u003EMilestones:Development of VHS, a World Standard for Home Video Recording, 1976\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E58-4, Shinmei-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. Dedication: 11 October 2006. At the Yokohama Plant of Victor Company of Japan, Limited, a team of engineers headed by Shizuo Takano and Yuma Shiraishi developed VHS (Video Home System) format. They looked ahead to the need for home video tape recorders and embodied their idea in unique inventions. The first model JVC HR-3300 was announced on 9 September 1976. Their basic design with subsequent improvement gained wide customer acceptance. VHS became the world standard for home video tape recorders.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Development of VHS, a World Standard for Home Video Recording, 1976","link":"","lat":35.224517,"lon":139.706075,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Directive_Short_Wave_Antenna,_1924#_b434a7f983ab998bb70dd6293a78194a\" title=\"Milestones:Directive Short Wave Antenna, 1924\"\u003EMilestones:Directive Short Wave Antenna, 1924\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe laboratories have been remodelled, so the plaque is on a monument in the center of Katahira Campus, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. Dedication: June 1995 - IEEE Tokyo Section. In these laboratories, beginning in 1924, Professor Hidetsugu Yagi and his assistant, Shintaro Uda, designed and constructed a sensitive and highly-directional antenna using closely-coupled parasitic elements. The antenna, which is effective in the higher-frequency ranges, has been important for radar, television, and amateur radio.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Directive Short Wave Antenna, 1924","link":"","lat":38.271629,"lon":140.859116,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Electronic_Quartz_Wristwatch,_1969#_413ac0e212586a2bbe10648b6f7f5d83\" title=\"Milestones:Electronic Quartz Wristwatch, 1969\"\u003EMilestones:Electronic Quartz Wristwatch, 1969\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESeiko Institute of Horology, Tokyo, Japan. Dedication: 25 November 2004, IEEE Tokyo Section. After ten years of research and development at Suwa Seikosha, a manufacturing company of Seiko Group, a team of engineers headed by Tsuneya Nakamura produced the first quartz wristwatch to be sold to the public. The Seiko Quartz-Astron 35SQ was introduced in Tokyo on December 25, 1969. Crucial elements included a quartz crystal oscillator, a hybrid integrated circuit, and a miniature stepping motor to turn the hands. It was accurate to within five seconds per month.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Electronic Quartz Wristwatch, 1969","link":"","lat":35.713322,"lon":139.809265,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Elekiteru:_First_Electrostatic_Generator_in_Japan,_1776#_fdec6a3a2c203f2748cf0a5d096ab050\" title=\"Milestones:Elekiteru: First Electrostatic Generator in Japan, 1776\"\u003EMilestones:Elekiteru: First Electrostatic Generator in Japan, 1776\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1776, a friction-induced electrostatic generator was first demonstrated in Japan by Gennai Hiraga after he spent six years repairing and restoring a broken device imported from the Netherlands. His improved design was later called the Elekiteru, and its widespread demonstration in Japan inspired the country's first generation of electricity researchers. Hiraga's Elekiterus have been displayed in Tokyo and in Kagawa Prefecture, respectively.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Elekiteru: First Electrostatic Generator in Japan, 1776","link":"","lat":34.323531,"lon":134.174743,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Emergency_Warning_Code_Signal_Broadcasting_System,_1985#_408428895a0e83d38222858b52c4c450\" title=\"Milestones:Emergency Warning Code Signal Broadcasting System, 1985\"\u003EMilestones:Emergency Warning Code Signal Broadcasting System, 1985\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) began broadcasting emergency warning code signals in 1985. The system embedded signals within AM and FM radio broadcasts that provided reliable and prompt transmission of emergency warning information to the public. During the course of digital TV standardization, the warning codes were integrated into technical standards of international satellite and terrestrial broadcasting.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Emergency Warning Code Signal Broadcasting System, 1985","link":"","lat":35.6356483,"lon":139.6157232,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Fiber_Optic_Connectors,_1986#_5f28a4039974a592bf42eef5449cc5b2\" title=\"Milestones:Fiber Optic Connectors, 1986\"\u003EMilestones:Fiber Optic Connectors, 1986\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1986, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. (NTT) invented the physical contact connection technology that advanced performance and reliability of fiber optic connectors. NTT developed Single-fiber Coupling (SC) and Multifiber Push-On (MPO) connectors; their compactness and simple push-pull operation were major advantages. Widely adopted by carriers and data centers since 1990, this technology facilitated the construction of systems for near light-speed, digital, global communications.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Fiber Optic Connectors, 1986","link":"","lat":36.128387,"lon":140.089468,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:First_Direct_Broadcast_Satellite_Service,_1984#_c6b7eb428f423339258e26b9920a7c60\" title=\"Milestones:First Direct Broadcast Satellite Service, 1984\"\u003EMilestones:First Direct Broadcast Satellite Service, 1984\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENHK began the world's first direct broadcast satellite service in May, 1984. This was the culmination of\u0026#160;eighteen years of research that included the development of an inexpensive low-noise receiver and investigations of rain attenuation in the 12 GHz band. RRL, NASDA, TSCJ, Toshiba Corporation, General Electric Company, and NASA participated with NHK to make satellite broadcasting to the home a practical reality.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"First Direct Broadcast Satellite Service, 1984","link":"","lat":35.637279,"lon":139.608545,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:First_Large-Scale_Fingerprint_ID,_1982#_c0d76622178b68756afcd3a92bc5b789\" title=\"Milestones:First Large-Scale Fingerprint ID, 1982\"\u003EMilestones:First Large-Scale Fingerprint ID, 1982\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENEC, formerly known as Nippon Electric Company, introduced the world's first large-scale automated fingerprint identification system (NEC AFIS) equipped with a latent fingerprint matching function in 1982. This was a powerful crime-solving tool capable of matching even fragmented latent fingerprints against a large database, a task that previously had been impossible. It enabled the world's police agencies to expedite searches for suspects, an efficiency that many public-safety experts valued.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"First Large-Scale Fingerprint ID, 1982","link":"","lat":35.649432,"lon":139.748056,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:First_Millimeter-wave_Communication_Experiments_by_J.C._Bose,_1894-96#_d7e625251628e858c1201b434064c19a\" title=\"Milestones:First Millimeter-wave Communication Experiments by J.C. Bose, 1894-96\"\u003EMilestones:First Millimeter-wave Communication Experiments by J.C. Bose, 1894-96\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMain corridor of the A.J.C. Bose Auditorium in the Main Building of Presidency College, Kolkata, India. Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, in 1895, first demonstrated at Presidency College, Calcutta, India, transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves at 60 GHz, over a distance of 23 meters, through two intervening walls by remotely ringing a bell and detonating gunpowder. For his communication system, Bose developed entire millimeter-wave components such as: a spark transmitter, coherer, dielectric lens, polarizer, horn antenna and cylindrical diffraction grating.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"First Millimeter-wave Communication Experiments by J.C. Bose, 1894-96","link":"","lat":22.575507,"lon":88.363515,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:First_Practical_Field_Emission_Electron_Microscope,_1972#_d22acc69f2913db5afbfd926bbdf9415\" title=\"Milestones:First Practical Field Emission Electron Microscope, 1972\"\u003EMilestones:First Practical Field Emission Electron Microscope, 1972\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHitachi developed practical field emission electron source technology in collaboration with Albert Crewe of the University of Chicago, and commercialized the world\u2019s first field emission scanning electron microscope in 1972. This technology enabled stable and reliable ultrahigh resolution imaging with easy operation. Field emission electron microscopes have made invaluable contributions to the progress of science, technology and industry in physics, biology, materials, and semiconductor devices.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"First Practical Field Emission Electron Microscope, 1972","link":"","lat":35.711768,"lon":139.470085,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:First_Transpacific_Reception_of_a_Television_(TV)_Signal_via_Satellite,_1963#_299196fd2f0ccea20e9c2b8fcb8f5b14\" title=\"Milestones:First Transpacific Reception of a Television (TV) Signal via Satellite, 1963\"\u003EMilestones:First Transpacific Reception of a Television (TV) Signal via Satellite, 1963\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIshitaki, Takahagi-city, Ibaraki, Japan. On 23 November 1963, this site received the first transpacific transmission of a TV signal from Mojave earth station in California, U.S.A., via the Relay 1 communications satellite. The Ibaraki earth station used a 20m Cassegrain antenna, the first use of this type of antenna for commercial telecommunications. This event demonstrated the capability and impact of satellite communications and helped open a new era of intercontinental live TV programming relayed via satellite.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"First Transpacific Reception of a Television (TV) Signal via Satellite, 1963","link":"","lat":36.697371,"lon":140.708953,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Gapless_Metal_Oxide_Surge_Arrester_(MOSA)_for_electric_power_systems,1975#_b66daddd1a6f2b94b66bb9e5e097d9b5\" title=\"Milestones:Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) for electric power systems,1975\"\u003EMilestones:Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) for electric power systems,1975\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe plaque may be viewed at the entrance to Meiden Research and Development Center, Meidensha Corporation, 2-8-1 Osaki, Shinagawa-hu, Tokyo, Japan. Meidensha Corporation developed MOSA and its mass production system by innovating on Panasonic Corporation\u2019s ZnO varistor basic patent. MOSA dramatically raised performance levels against multiple lightning strikes and contamination, and led to UHV protective device development. This technology contributed to improving the safety and reliability of electric power systems and to establishing international standards.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arrester (MOSA) for electric power systems,1975","link":"","lat":35.637915,"lon":139.715213,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Giant_Metrewave_Radio_Telescope,_1994#_fe106ff44c2673f0375da34b7a9dcefb\" title=\"Milestones:Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, 1994\"\u003EMilestones:Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, 1994\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGMRT, consisting of thirty antennas of 45 m diameter each, spanning 25 km near Pune, India, is one of the largest and most sensitive low frequency (110\u20131460 MHz) radio telescopes in the world. It pioneered new techniques in antenna design, receiver systems, and signal transport over optical fibre. GMRT has produced important discoveries in domains such as pulsars, supernovae, galaxies, quasars, and cosmology, greatly enhancing our understanding of the Universe.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, 1994","link":"","lat":19.096715,"lon":74.049956,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:HEMT,_1979#_15115a536c5d0d32e28a723a3f6900a9\" title=\"Milestones:HEMT, 1979\"\u003EMilestones:HEMT, 1979\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe HEMT was the first transistor to incorporate an interface between two semiconductor materials with different energy gaps. HEMTs proved superior to previous transistor technologies because of their high mobility channel carriers, resulting in high speed and high frequency performance. They have been widely used in radio telescopes, satellite broadcasting receivers and cellular base stations, becoming a fundamental technology supporting the information and communication society.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"HEMT, 1979","link":"","lat":35.443405,"lon":139.313921,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:International_Standardization_of_G3_Facsimile,_1980#_73597964860ec93dc79aae90c6840d49\" title=\"Milestones:International Standardization of G3 Facsimile, 1980\"\u003EMilestones:International Standardization of G3 Facsimile, 1980\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis site commemorates the creation of the Modified READ two-dimensional coding for G3 facsimile developed through the careful collaboration of NTT and KDDI. Strong Japanese leadership with intense international discussion, testing, and cooperation produced the International Telecommunications Union G3 recommendation in 1980. This innovative and efficient standard enabled the worldwide commercial success of facsimile\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"International Standardization of G3 Facsimile, 1980","link":"","lat":35.281341,"lon":139.672201,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:International_Standardization_of_G3_Facsimile,_1980#KDDI_R\u0026amp;D_Laboratories_Inc.,_Kamifukuoka-city,_Saitama_Japan\" title=\"Milestones:International Standardization of G3 Facsimile, 1980\"\u003EMilestones:International Standardization of G3 Facsimile, 1980\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKDDI R\u0026amp;D Laboratories Inc., Kamifukuoka-city, Saitama Japan\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThis site commemorates the creation of the Modified READ two-dimensional coding for G3 facsimile developed through the careful collaboration of NTT and KDDI. Strong Japanese leadership with intense international discussion, testing, and cooperation produced the International Telecommunications Union G3 recommendation in 1980. This innovative and efficient standard enabled the worldwide commercial success of facsimile\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"International Standardization of G3 Facsimile, 1980","link":"","lat":35.861729,"lon":139.645482,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Invention_of_a_Temperature-Insensitive_Quartz_Oscillation_Plate,_1933#_accf1ab918b3dcba5b2d962513554ce6\" title=\"Milestones:Invention of a Temperature-Insensitive Quartz Oscillation Plate, 1933\"\u003EMilestones:Invention of a Temperature-Insensitive Quartz Oscillation Plate, 1933\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn April 1933, Issac Koga of the Tokyo Institute of Technology reported cutting angles that produced quartz crystal plates having a zero temperature coefficient of frequency. These angles, 54\u2070 45\u2019 and 137\u2070 59\u2019, he named the R\u003Csub\u003E1\u003C/sub\u003E and R\u003Csub\u003E2\u003C/sub\u003E cuts. Temperature-insensitive quartz crystal was used at first for radio transmitters and later for clocks, and has proven indispensable to all radio communication systems and much of information electronics.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Invention of a Temperature-Insensitive Quartz Oscillation Plate, 1933","link":"","lat":35.606876,"lon":139.684802,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Inverter-Driven_Air_Conditioner,_1980-1981#_c8890706aa1b84a21ca3772abddb8ccc\" title=\"Milestones:Inverter-Driven Air Conditioner, 1980-1981\"\u003EMilestones:Inverter-Driven Air Conditioner, 1980-1981\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EToshiba developed and mass-produced the world\u2019s first split-type air conditioners with inverter-driven compressors for commercial and residential applications in 1980 and 1981, respectively. Compact and robust inverters using power electronics technologies allowed variable-speed control of the compressors for optimized air-conditioning operations, with significantly improved comfort and energy efficiency. These innovations led to widespread use of inverter air conditioners across the world.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Inverter-Driven Air Conditioner, 1980-1981","link":"","lat":35.1479027,"lon":138.6647401,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Keage_Power_Station:_The_Japan%E2%80%99s_First_Commercial_Hydroelectric_Plant,_1890-1897#_ca649fa191e3fe93328d63c6df06febf\" title=\"Milestones:Keage Power Station: The Japan\u2019s First Commercial Hydroelectric Plant, 1890-1897\"\u003EMilestones:Keage Power Station: The Japan\u2019s First Commercial Hydroelectric Plant, 1890-1897\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKeage Power Station achieved Japan\u2019s first commercial hydroelectric generation using water intake from the Lake Biwa Canal. Construction of the station began in 1890, and was completed in 1897 with a total capacity of 1,760 kW, pioneering the start-up of power generation. A second canal revitalized the station in 1936 with a capacity of 5,700 kW, contributing to Japan\u2019s technological modernization.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Keage Power Station: The Japan\u2019s First Commercial Hydroelectric Plant, 1890-1897","link":"","lat":35.0102,"lon":135.788472,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Kurobe_River_No._4_Hydropower_Plant,_1956-63#_299671e98184c7aa364336b352e486fd\" title=\"Milestones:Kurobe River No. 4 Hydropower Plant, 1956-63\"\u003EMilestones:Kurobe River No. 4 Hydropower Plant, 1956-63\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKansai Electric Power Co., Inc, Unazuki-machi, Kurobe-shi, Toyama, Japan. Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., completed the innovative Kurobe River No. 4 Hydropower Plant, including the subterranean power station and Kurobe Dam, in 1963. The 275kV long-distance transmission system delivered the generated electric power to the Kansai region and solved serious power shortages, contributing to industrial development and enhancing living standards for the population.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Kurobe River No. 4 Hydropower Plant, 1956-63","link":"","lat":36.56644,"lon":137.66213,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Large-Scale_Commercialization_of_a_CDMA_Cellular_Communication_System,_1996#_1391de50f055416a1f4816f1d8bf94e0\" title=\"Milestones:Large-Scale Commercialization of a CDMA Cellular Communication System, 1996\"\u003EMilestones:Large-Scale Commercialization of a CDMA Cellular Communication System, 1996\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1996, South Korea inaugurated the world\u2019s first successful CDMA commercial service, validating large-scale deployment of a digital technology with superior performance over analog mobile networks. Accomplishments of SK Telecom, ETRI, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, and Hyundai Electronics in developing equipment for this second-generation system led to many mobile operators around the world adopting CDMA, and the technology becoming the basis of the worldwide, third-generation of mobile communications.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Large-Scale Commercialization of a CDMA Cellular Communication System, 1996","link":"","lat":37.566448,"lon":126.985114,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Laser_Ionization_Mass_Spectrometer,_1988#_9ecb658a8abf6c6ec376ebddab51531a\" title=\"Milestones:Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometer, 1988\"\u003EMilestones:Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometer, 1988\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1988, Shimadzu Corporation released a mass spectrometer that could measure macromolecules whose molar mass was at least 50,000 grams per mole. As the world's first commercially available device that applied soft laser desorption ionization techniques, it led to new pharmaceuticals and diagnostic capabilities in the fields of molecular biology and medicine. Koichi Tanaka, the key developer of this technology, shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometer, 1988","link":"","lat":35.009518430949,"lon":135.72865759059,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Line_Spectrum_Pair_(LSP)_for_high-compression_speech_coding,_1975#_ba88e01fedc2d2aa366a0f5b6d2a86ec\" title=\"Milestones:Line Spectrum Pair (LSP) for high-compression speech coding, 1975\"\u003EMilestones:Line Spectrum Pair (LSP) for high-compression speech coding, 1975\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe plaque may be viewed in the reception hall NTT Musashino R\u0026amp;D center\u3000 9-11, Midori-cho 3-Chome Musashino-Shi, Tokyo 180-8585 Japan. Line Spectrum Pair, invented at NTT in 1975, is an important technology for speech synthesis and coding. A speech synthesizer chip was designed based on Line Spectrum Pair in 1980. In the 1990s, this technology was adopted in almost all international speech coding standards as an essential component and has contributed to the enhancement of digital speech communication over mobile channels and the Internet worldwide.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Line Spectrum Pair (LSP) for high-compression speech coding, 1975","link":"","lat":35.72015,"lon":139.562135,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:MPD7720DSP,_1980#_0d955e885547cc4eaa6335000e900c8d\" title=\"Milestones:MPD7720DSP, 1980\"\u003EMilestones:MPD7720DSP, 1980\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1980, NEC (formerly Nippon Electric Company) developed here the first commercially available, programmable digital signal processor chip, the \u03bcPD7720. Its novel bus structure, 250-nsec instruction cycle, and 16-bit multiplier enabled fast finite impulse response filtering and provided true real-time processing for complex systems. It accelerated the adoption of digital signal processing in communications and broadcasting.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"MPD7720DSP, 1980","link":"","lat":35.57254306,"lon":139.66515449,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:MTI_Portable_Satellite_Communication_Terminals,_1987-1995#_9064d9e4b32843f2de0274255cba496a\" title=\"Milestones:MTI Portable Satellite Communication Terminals, 1987-1995\"\u003EMilestones:MTI Portable Satellite Communication Terminals, 1987-1995\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr /\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"MTI Portable Satellite Communication Terminals, 1987-1995","link":"","lat":24.78062,"lon":120.99666,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Map-Based_Automotive_Navigation_System,_1981#_3b7512f1354865ab4e97e5cc9b3a79b6\" title=\"Milestones:Map-Based Automotive Navigation System, 1981\"\u003EMilestones:Map-Based Automotive Navigation System, 1981\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe world\u2019s first map-based automotive navigation system, \u2018Honda Electro Gyrocator\u2019, was released in 1981. This system was based on inertial navigation technology using mileage and gyro sensors. It pioneered the on-board display of the destination path of a moving vehicle on overlaying transparent road-map sheets, and contributed to the advancement of automotive navigation systems.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Map-Based Automotive Navigation System, 1981","link":"","lat":36.526825,"lon":140.226713,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Mount_Fuji_Radar_System,_1964#_bad7bc76097db370cfd7f151e5f69e73\" title=\"Milestones:Mount Fuji Radar System, 1964\"\u003EMilestones:Mount Fuji Radar System, 1964\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMount Fuji, Shizouka Prefecture, Japan. Dedication: March 2000, IEEE Nagoya Section. The plaque is in a display case at the Meterological Museum, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo. Completed in 1964 as the highest weather radar in the world in the pre-satellite era, the Mount Fuji Radar System almost immediately warned of a major storm over 800 km away. In addition to advancing the technology of weather radar, it pioneered aspects of remote-control and low-maintenance of complex electronic systems. The radar was planned by the Japan Meteorological Agency and constructed by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Mount Fuji Radar System, 1964","link":"","lat":35.686871,"lon":139.756363,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Nobeyama_45-m_Telescope,_1982#_9ab2f15ad3cac1bb20e9ef902d5f9a55\" title=\"Milestones:Nobeyama 45-m Telescope, 1982\"\u003EMilestones:Nobeyama 45-m Telescope, 1982\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1982, the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory in collaboration with Mitsubishi Electric Corporation completed the 45-m telescope as the world\u2019s largest antenna for millimeter-wave radio astronomy. The 45-m telescope's innovative engineering contributed to the progress of radio astronomy by enabling high-resolution and high-sensitivity observations. Notable discoveries included new interstellar molecules and a black hole.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Nobeyama 45-m Telescope, 1982","link":"","lat":35.6752,"lon":139.5379,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Outdoor_large-scale_color_display_system,_1980#_67693739c473378a78372c73c47a0fd5\" title=\"Milestones:Outdoor large-scale color display system, 1980\"\u003EMilestones:Outdoor large-scale color display system, 1980\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMitsubishi Electric developed the world's first large-scale emissive color video display system and installed it at Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles, California in 1980. It achieved bright, efficient, high-quality moving images using matrix-addressed cathode-ray tubes (CRT) as pixels. With increased dimensions and resolution, the system has entertained and informed millions of people in sports facilities and public spaces worldwide.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Outdoor large-scale color display system, 1980","link":"","lat":32.7623939,"lon":129.8648303,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Parkes_Radiotelescope,_1969#_f568b87641c9e4bcd29f89232ae1d0cb\" title=\"Milestones:Parkes Radiotelescope, 1969\"\u003EMilestones:Parkes Radiotelescope, 1969\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EParkes radiotelescope and Honeysuckle Creek stations in Australia received voice and video signals from the Apollo 11 moonwalk, which were redistributed to millions of viewers. Parkes' televised images were superior to other ground stations, and NASA used them for much of the broadcast. One of the first to use the newly developed corrugated feed horn, Parkes became the model for the NASA Deep Space Network large aperture antennas.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Parkes Radiotelescope, 1969","link":"","lat":-32.998402,"lon":148.263488,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Perpendicular_Magnetic_Recording,_1977#_c8b86b7d715ff569da2867f7d2814824\" title=\"Milestones:Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, 1977\"\u003EMilestones:Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, 1977\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1977, Professor Shunichi Iwasaki led his Tohoku University team in developing a magnetic recording system with a pole head writing on a cobalt-alloy, thin-film perpendicular medium having a soft magnetic underlayer. This medium and configuration enabled data recording densities beyond those possible with longitudinal recording. Since 2005, perpendicular magnetic recording has played a crucial role in the continued growth of magnetic storage device capacity.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Perpendicular Magnetic Recording, 1977","link":"","lat":38.253458,"lon":140.873355,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Pioneering_Work_on_Electronic_Calculators,_1964-1973#_640f459b694355a9606549f13121ba0d\" title=\"Milestones:Pioneering Work on Electronic Calculators, 1964-1973\"\u003EMilestones:Pioneering Work on Electronic Calculators, 1964-1973\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESharp Memorial Hall, Tenri Factory, Nara Prefecture, Japan. Dedication: December 2005. A Sharp Corporation project team designed and produced several families of electronic calculators on the basis of all-transistor (1964), bipolar and MOS integrated circuit (1967), MOS Large Scale Integration (1969) and CMOS-LSI/Liquid Crystal Display (1973). The integration of CMOS-LSI and LCD devices onto a single glass substrate yielded battery-powered calculators. These achievements made possible the widespread personal use of hand-held calculators.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Pioneering Work on Electronic Calculators, 1964-1973","link":"","lat":34.602976,"lon":135.858976,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Pulse_Oximetry,_1972#_1468041327292472712d6f11c4a8b172\" title=\"Milestones:Pulse Oximetry, 1972\"\u003EMilestones:Pulse Oximetry, 1972\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPulse oximetry, a non-invasive technique to measure blood oxygen saturation continuously and immediately without a blood sample, was introduced in 1972 by Takuo Aoyagi of Nihon Kohden Corporation. The company launched its OLV-5100 as the first ear pulse oximeter in 1975. Subsequent developments by others made pulse oximeters a reliable and affordable standard of care in hospitals, clinics, and homes.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Pulse Oximetry, 1972","link":"","lat":35.78718,"lon":139.47514,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:QR_(Quick_Response)_Code,_1994#_9b3f8725426a18758f3e6ad0ee59a28b\" title=\"Milestones:QR (Quick Response) Code, 1994\"\u003EMilestones:QR (Quick Response) Code, 1994\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDENSO developed two-dimensional QR Code technology, inexpensive machine-readable optical labels that improved on barcoding by conveying larger amounts of data more quickly. Worldwide businesses soon adopted QR Codes to improve manufacturing, logistics, and management. Camera-equipped mobile phones brought QR Codes into advertising, design, and widespread applications such as electronic payments, giving consumers efficient new ways to access digital information.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"QR (Quick Response) Code, 1994","link":"","lat":34.995533,"lon":137.008989,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Railroad_Ticketing_Examining_System,_1965-1971#_788662c18cbd747cdf07bf086d3ef2a5\" title=\"Milestones:Railroad Ticketing Examining System, 1965-1971\"\u003EMilestones:Railroad Ticketing Examining System, 1965-1971\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDedication: 27 November 2007, IEEE Kansai Section. Pioneering ticket examining machines, designed to speed commuter railroad use substantially, were first installed in 1965, based on work by a joint research team of Osaka University and Kintetsu Corporation. Following this work, an improved version -- based on joint work by Omron, Kintetsu, and Hankyu corporations using punched cards and magnetic cards -- was first deployed in 1967 and at nineteen stations in 1971.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Railroad Ticketing Examining System, 1965-1971","link":"","lat":34.69978,"lon":135.46958,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Raman_Effect,_1928#_0b933f007b5b74852b040714739898ca\" title=\"Milestones:Raman Effect, 1928\"\u003EMilestones:Raman Effect, 1928\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPlaque may be viewed at the main entrance gate of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, INDIA. Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, Nobel-laureate (Physics-1930), assisted by K S Krishnan at IACS, Calcutta, India, discovered on 28 February 1928, that when a beam of coloured light entered a liquid, a fraction of the light scattered was of a different colour, dependent on material property. This radiation effect of molecular scattering of light bears his name as \u2018Raman Effect\u2019, from which many applications in photonic communications and spectroscopy evolved.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Raman Effect, 1928","link":"","lat":22.498889,"lon":88.368668,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Sharp_14-inch_Thin-Film-Transistor_Liquid-Crystal_Display_(TFT-LCD)_for_TV,_1988#_87e0239c6f0a57c6abff899bbbba82a2\" title=\"Milestones:Sharp 14-inch Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) for TV, 1988\"\u003EMilestones:Sharp 14-inch Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) for TV, 1988\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe plaque may be viewed at the Sharp Technology Innovation Museum, 2613-1 Ichinomoto-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-8567 Japan. Sharp demonstrated a fourteen-inch TFT-LCD for TV in 1988 when the display size of the mass-produced TFT-LCD was three inches. The high display quality in Cathode Ray Tube size convinced other electronic companies to join the infant TFT-LCD industry aimed at emerging full-color portable PCs. Two decades later, TFT-LCDs replaced CRTs, making the vision of RCA's LCD group in the 1960s a reality.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Sharp 14-inch Thin-Film-Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) for TV, 1988","link":"","lat":34.621672,"lon":135.817852,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:TPC-1_Transpacific_Cable_System,_1964#_d71251f26aba5f50d16c29892c283c6f\" title=\"Milestones:TPC-1 Transpacific Cable System, 1964\"\u003EMilestones:TPC-1 Transpacific Cable System, 1964\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe plaque may be viewed at Hawaiian Telcom, 1177 Bishop Street, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822 U.S.A. The first transpacific undersea coaxial telephone cable linking Japan, Hawaii, and the U.S. mainland was completed in 1964. President Lyndon B. Johnson and Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda inaugurated this communications link on 19 June 1964. This joint project involving American Telephone and Telegraph, Hawaiian Telephone Company, and Kokusai Denshin Denwa improved global communication and contributed to deep water submarine cable technologies.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"TPC-1 Transpacific Cable System, 1964","link":"","lat":21.309688,"lon":-157.859081,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:TRON_Real-time_Operating_System_Family,_1984#_0f8c8fd29d8144449275f800b0605a04\" title=\"Milestones:TRON Real-time Operating System Family, 1984\"\u003EMilestones:TRON Real-time Operating System Family, 1984\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1984, a computer architecture project team at the University of Tokyo began designing The Real-time Operating system Nucleus (TRON) OS family and helping external partners commercialize it. Specifications and sample source code were provided openly and freely, facilitating innovations by developers and users. TRON real-time OS family copies have been adopted worldwide in billions of embedded computer devices, including aerospace and industrial equipment, automotive systems, and home electronics.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"TRON Real-time Operating System Family, 1984","link":"","lat":35.7079711,"lon":139.7626922,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:The_Discovery_of_the_Principle_of_Self-Complementarity_in_Antennas_and_the_Mushiake_Relationship,_1948#_9bb3c7982c0aa1d3599e0a52a7cdd6e2\" title=\"Milestones:The Discovery of the Principle of Self-Complementarity in Antennas and the Mushiake Relationship, 1948\"\u003EMilestones:The Discovery of the Principle of Self-Complementarity in Antennas and the Mushiake Relationship, 1948\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1948, Prof. Yasuto Mushiake of Tohoku University discovered that antennas with self-complementary geometries are frequency independent, presenting a constant impedance, and often a constant radiation pattern over very wide frequency ranges. This principle is the basis for many very-wide-bandwidth antenna designs, with applications that include television reception, wireless broadband, radio astronomy, and cellular telephony.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The Discovery of the Principle of Self-Complementarity in Antennas and the Mushiake Relationship, 1948","link":"","lat":38.253517,"lon":140.873299,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:The_First_Word_Processor_for_the_Japanese_Language,_1971-1978#_d3657bbad5dc3e041f6225b84c9c3eab\" title=\"Milestones:The First Word Processor for the Japanese Language, 1971-1978\"\u003EMilestones:The First Word Processor for the Japanese Language, 1971-1978\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EToshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan. At this site, between 1971 and 1978, the first Japanese-language word processor was developed. Researchers headed by Ken-ichi Mori created a wholly new concept of Japanese word processing. Their first practical system, JW-10, was publicly unveiled on 3 October 1978. The JW-10, and improved versions, played a major role in advancing the Information Age in Japan, and provided the basis for Japanese-language word-processing software in personal computers.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The First Word Processor for the Japanese Language, 1971-1978","link":"","lat":35.53527,"lon":139.6997,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:The_High_Definition_Television_System,_1964-1989#_ec1e0d1e9c298bbeb533f94b393efd22\" title=\"Milestones:The High Definition Television System, 1964-1989\"\u003EMilestones:The High Definition Television System, 1964-1989\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) developed high-definition television (HDTV), a high-resolution and wide-screen television system designed to convey a strong sense of reality to viewers. Research began in 1964, ranging from psychophysical experiments to system development. In 1989, the world's first HDTV broadcast via satellite opened a new era in broadcasting. Since 1989, HDTV has spread throughout the world.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The High Definition Television System, 1964-1989","link":"","lat":35.6356483,"lon":139.6157232,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:The_MU_(Middle_and_Upper_atmosphere)_radar,_1984#_a3ac66e8ce536474e59636e753901dd9\" title=\"Milestones:The MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar, 1984\"\u003EMilestones:The MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar, 1984\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1984, Kyoto University built the MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar as the first large-scale MST (Mesosphere, Stratosphere, and Troposphere) radar with a two-dimensional active phased array antenna system, with the collaboration of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. The MU radar enabled continuous and flexible observation of the atmosphere, and has contributed to the progress of atmospheric science and radar engineering.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The MU (Middle and Upper atmosphere) radar, 1984","link":"","lat":34.852222,"lon":136.108889,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:The_Pioneering_TRON_Intelligent_House,_1989#_94a3799535354424f898025e19541878\" title=\"Milestones:The Pioneering TRON Intelligent House, 1989\"\u003EMilestones:The Pioneering TRON Intelligent House, 1989\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe first TRON Intelligent House was based on the concept of a Highly Functionally Distributed System (HFDS) as proposed in 1987. Built in Tokyo in 1989 using about 1,000 networked computers to implement Internet of Things (IoT), its advanced human-machine interface (HMI) provided \u201cubiquitous computing\u201d before that term was coined in 1991. Feedback by TRON\u2019s residents helped mature HFDS design, showing how to live in an IoT environment.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"The Pioneering TRON Intelligent House, 1989","link":"","lat":35.7079711,"lon":139.7626922,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Tokaido_Shinkansen_(Bullet_Train),_1964#_f31ecdc67f661177586562a59c85de33\" title=\"Milestones:Tokaido Shinkansen (Bullet Train), 1964\"\u003EMilestones:Tokaido Shinkansen (Bullet Train), 1964\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETokai Nagoya Station, 1-1-4 Meieki, Nakamura-Ku, Nagoya, Japan. Plaque is at West Side of station on concourse wall. Dedication: July 2000 - IEEE Tokyo Section. (IEEE Milestone and ASME Landmark). Tokaido Shinkansen (Bullet Train) was designed with the world's most advanced electrical and mechanical train technologies to operate at speeds up to 210 km/hr, a world record when it began service in 1964. It has carried more than 80 million passengers per year for many years with an excellent safety record.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Tokaido Shinkansen (Bullet Train), 1964","link":"","lat":35.107772,"lon":136.885567,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Toshiba_T1100,_a_Pioneering_Contribution_to_the_Development_of_Laptop_PC,_1985#_4489bb267544e767bf6ed7e8c96ad657\" title=\"Milestones:Toshiba T1100, a Pioneering Contribution to the Development of Laptop PC, 1985\"\u003EMilestones:Toshiba T1100, a Pioneering Contribution to the Development of Laptop PC, 1985\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe plaque may be viewed at the entrance hall of Tachikawa office of Toshiba Client Solutions Co., Ltd., Tachihi Building 2, 6-1-3 Sakae-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0003, Japan. The Toshiba T-1100 was developed in Ome Complex of Toshiba Corporation in 1984-1985 and mass production also was performed by this factory. The factory had closed down in 2017 and the plaque moved from the factory to Tachikawa office of Toshiba Client Solutions Co., Ltd. The Toshiba T1100, an IBM PC compatible laptop computer that shipped in 1985, made an invaluable contribution to the development of the laptop PC and portable personal computers. With the T1100, Toshiba demonstrated and promoted the emergence and importance of true portability for PCs running packaged software, with the result that T1100 won acceptance not only among PC experts but by the business community.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Toshiba T1100, a Pioneering Contribution to the Development of Laptop PC, 1985","link":"","lat":35.714316,"lon":139.423582,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Toyota_Prius,_the_World%27s_First_Mass-Produced_Hybrid_Vehicle,_1997#_e7dfd13cf47e6e130153b045c0e13320\" title=\"Milestones:Toyota Prius, the World\u0026#39;s First Mass-Produced Hybrid Vehicle, 1997\"\u003EMilestones:Toyota Prius, the World\u0026#39;s First Mass-Produced Hybrid Vehicle, 1997\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1997, Toyota Motor Corporation developed the world's first mass-produced hybrid vehicle, the Toyota Prius, which used both an internal combustion engine and two electric motors. This vehicle achieved revolutionary fuel efficiency by recovering and reusing energy previously lost while driving. Its success helped popularize hybrid vehicles internationally, advanced the technology essential for electric powertrains, contributed to the reduction of CO2 emissions, and influenced the design of subsequent electrified vehicles.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Toyota Prius, the World's First Mass-Produced Hybrid Vehicle, 1997","link":"","lat":35.055465106583,"lon":137.16011444014,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Vapor-phase_Axial_Deposition_Method_for_Mass_Production_of_High-quality_Optical_Fiber,_1977-1983#_7db7b647e4d3fe0929efa85c51c6e83a\" title=\"Milestones:Vapor-phase Axial Deposition Method for Mass Production of High-quality Optical Fiber, 1977-1983\"\u003EMilestones:Vapor-phase Axial Deposition Method for Mass Production of High-quality Optical Fiber, 1977-1983\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, 243-0198 Japan. In 1977, Dr. Tatsuo Izawa of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp. (NTT) invented the vapor-phase axial deposition (VAD) method suitable for the mass production of optical fiber. NTT, Furukawa Electric, Sumitomo Electric, and Fujikura collaboratively investigated the fabrication process. The technology successfully shifted from research and development to commercialization. The VAD method contributed greatly to the construction of optical-fiber networks.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Vapor-phase Axial Deposition Method for Mass Production of High-quality Optical Fiber, 1977-1983","link":"","lat":35.4407279,"lon":139.314173,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"},{"text":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/Milestones:Yosami_Radio_Transmitting_Station,_1929#_ac014ec1693024ff0700a71919eba63a\" title=\"Milestones:Yosami Radio Transmitting Station, 1929\"\u003EMilestones:Yosami Radio Transmitting Station, 1929\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKariya, Aichi pref., Japan. In April 1929, the Yosami Station established the first wireless communications between Japan and Europe with a long wave operating at 17.442 kHz. An inductor-type high-frequency alternator provided output power at 500 kW. The antenna system used eight towers, each 250m high. The facilities were used for communicating with submarines by the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1941 to 1945 and by the United States Navy from 1950 to 1993.\n\u003C/p\u003E","title":"Yosami Radio Transmitting Station, 1929","link":"","lat":34.974173,"lon":137.016871,"icon":"/w/images/6/6a/Purplemarker.png"}],"imageLayers":[]}
