Property:Description2
From ETHW
This is a property of type Text.
3
3D seismic processing begins (Veritas) +
A
A 36-mile railroad project, the Allegheny Portage RR included the first railroad tunnel in the United States, 10 double-track inclined planes and 4 viaducts. +
D
A great advance in battery technology was the invention of what came to be known as the Daniell cell, which John Frederic Daniell made public in London in 1836. It was the first reliable source of electric current. +
C
A major structure on the strategically important Bangor to Chester road, the Conwy Suspension Bridge was built with the identical technology developed for the larger Menai Bridge and still has its original iron chains. +
P
A new engine design for inland steamers, known as the diagonal compound engine, was introduced during the late nineteenth century, and the paddle steamer Uri is powered by the oldest surviving example (1901). These engines feature crossheads—joints between the piston rods and the main rods to the crankshaft—and non-oscillating cylinders. By eliminating the leak-prone trunion bearings and steals, steam pressure could be raised—to 9 atmospheres on the Uri—increasing the efficiency of the power plant considerably. The diagonal engine can also be compounded. The Uri's engine has cylinder diameters of 720 mm and 1050 mm, with a stroke of 1300 mm and a production of 650 HP. This basic design was repeated for engines up to 1450 HP on numerous lake and river steamers in central Europe. +
C
A pioneering environmental engineering project, the Charles River Basin Project converted 675 acres of estuarial muck into a freshwater basin of beauty and recreational value and has served as an international model in environmental engineering, landscape architecture, and urban planning. +
S
A steel through-arch, multi-modal structure, the Sydney Harbour Bridge was the second longest span (503 m) of its type when completed. The bridge is now an international symbol of Australia and her engineering achievements. +
F
A team of researchers led by Dr. Russell Dayton, Henry Saller, Stan Paprocki, and Edwin Hodge developed a technique first called gas-pressure bonding but now referred to as hot isostatic processing (HIP). The scientists used a three-foot-long stainless-steel tube, plugged and welded on one end and threaded to accept a high-pressure valve on the other end, which they pressurized to approximately 2,000 pounds per square inch and inserted into a heat-treat furnace at a temperature of about 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit. This small, simple pressure vessel was followed by larger, more complex vessels throughout the 1950s and into the 60s and 70s. +
C
A unique link between medieval European military engineering and modern American civil engineering, the Castillo de San Marcos is the oldest major engineered structure in the United States. +
D
Abraham Darby I discovers that coke can effectively replace charcoal in a blast furnace for iron smelting. Lowers dramatically the cost of ironmaking (enabling large-scale production) and saves regions from deforestation. +
L
Adolf Eugen Fick formulated law of gas diffusion across membranes, which led to technique to measure cardiac output, 1855 +
I
Adolf Martens examines the microstructure of a hard steel alloy and finds that, unlike many inferior steels that show little coherent patterning, this steel had many varieties of patterns, especially banded regions of differently oriented microcrystals. Initiates the use of microscopy to identify the crystal structures in metals and correlate these observations to the physical properties of the material. +
W
After World War II, two factors soon pushed the U.S. toward heavy press production: First, the growing interest in supersonic aviation, and the rumblings of the Korean War. The outgrowth of the need for larger, stronger aircraft parts was the Air Force Heavy Press Program. Air Force Lt. Gen. K. B. Wolfe, one of the team who had visited post-war Germany to inspect the presses, was the originator and prime motivator of the program. The program called for two 50,000-ton presses, one at Wyman-Gordon's Grafton plant and the other at Alcoa's plant in Cleveland. The machines were designed and built by the Loewy Construction Company, and operation began in October 1955. +
E
After the United States was formed, the government commissioned Andrew Ellicott to establish an International Boundary at the 31st parallel between the new Republic and Spanish West Florida. This “stone” is the key extant monument from the historic survey. +
P
Alexander Fleming accidentally created bacteria-free penicillin annulus in staphylococcus culture even if diluted eight-hundredfold, 1928 +
H
Alexander Grigoryan, a Soviet driller, directs the first horizontal well drilling in Azerbaijan. +
N
Alfred Nobel patents dynamite. Proves of immeasurable assistance in conducting large-scale mining. +
V
Almer McDuffie McAfee developed first viable catalytic cracking process using anhydrous aluminum chloride as catalyst, 1923 +
N
Although Hama is home to seventeen norias—that is, water wheels that raise water from a stream or river and discharge it at a higher elevation—the Noria al-Muhammadiyya, built in 1361 CE, is the most famous due to its unique size and longevity. At 21 meters (69 feet) in diameter, the Noria al-Muhammadiyya greatly outsizes the typical waterwheel size of 2 to 3 meters (7 to 9 feet) and is among the largest water wheels ever constructed. And despite its more than six centuries of age, the Noria al-Muhammadiyya is still in service today thanks to its 1977 restoration. +
B
Although cider was produced on individual farms for private use, the centrally located mill became popular for farmers who would sell surplus apples to the mill and bring back the juice to ferment into hard cider. In 1881, Benjamin Clyde began pressing his apples at local mills and soon rented his own press. In 1897 he purchased the mill and installed the screw press (No. 2) from Boomer & Boschert of Syracuse. Boomer and Boschert also supplied the apple grater, apple elevator, and cider pump, as well as the plans for the building. +
